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Ballet is a wonderful activity to undertake as an adult. It has an extraordinary curriculum built on decades of refinement. Learning the step names and understanding their purpose is key to developing proper technique and improving over time.

Ballet will give you incredible awareness of your body—muscles you didn’t even know you had! It works on both strength and flexibility in ways that benefit your posture, body alignment, and overall well-being.

About Ballet Terminology

Ballet terminology is universally in French, so no matter where you take class, the steps will have the same name.

Let’s get started!

Lesson 1: Ballet Fundamentals

Posture

Correct posture is the foundation of ballet and requires concentration and skill. Think of length and balance:

  • Your spine is your center of gravity and elevation—lifted at the top (back of the neck) and grounded at the bottom (tailbone).
  • Legs “fall open” in the hip sockets—turned out (en dehors).
  • Arches are lifted; all five toes press gently against the floor, including the pinky toe.
  • Inner thighs press toward each other to close the gap and align the knees.
  • Shoulders relax down; neck stays long and soft.
  • Engage your core, inner thighs, and back of the legs to maintain posture throughout every exercise.

  •  

    1st Position

    Feet are turned out from the hips, with knees touching.

  • Legs: Knees open outward, arches lifted, inner thighs engaged.
  • Feet: Heels together or close, toes turned outward (en dehors).

  • Arms:
  • Low first (preparation): rounded and relaxed.
  • First position: rounded at navel height, elbows lifted.
  • Second position: rounded and open to the side, slightly forward of the shoulders.
  •  

    ballet first

    Plié (plee-AY) — “bend”

    A plié is a knee bend and a fundamental building block for strength and flexibility.

    How to do it: Pull up through the spine, press the heels into the floor, release the knees outward as you lower, then push through the heels to return to straight legs.

    • Demi-plié: Half bend, heels stay on the floor. Used constantly in ballet.
    • Grand plié: Full bend, heels lift off the floor.
    ballet plie 5

    Tendu (tahn-DEW) — “stretched, extended”

    The most important building block in ballet. Most movement passes through a variation of tendu.

    Note: Beginners start from first position to build strength and understand turnout before progressing to fifth position. is a fundamental movement where the foot slides along the floor to a fully pointed position, stretching the leg and foot, before closing back to the starting position, with no weight on the extended foot. It is a crucial exercise for warming up, strengthening the feet and legs, and developing proper turnout and lines.

    Example: tendu to the side (à la seconde)

     

    ballet tendu
    ballet tendu 5

    Jeté (zhuh-TAY) — “thrown”

    Similar to a tendu but performed dynamically. The working leg slides out along the floor and lifts to about 25–45°, then returns quickly to the starting position with toes touching the floor first. There are many types of jetés. The ones here is the main jeté which is practised at the barre.

    Example below: Jeté to the side (à la seconde) illustration by A Ballet Education

     

    ballet jete 5

    The Five Arm and Feet positions

    Similar to a tendu but performed dynamically. The working leg slides out along the floor and lifts to about 25–45°, then returns quickly to the starting position with toes touching the floor first. There are many types of jetés. The ones here is the main jeté which is practised at the barre.

    Example below: Jeté to the side (à la seconde) illustration by A Ballet Education

    ballet positions

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    Student Reviews

    Sara Hartland-Rowe
    Sara Hartland-Rowe
    Course: Beginner Ballet 1 🩰 Sundays
    Marel is an amazing teacher! She has so much knowledge, and a profound desire to share that knowledge with her students. She’s incredibly generous with her time, patient, attentive and kind. I have learned so much from her and hope I can continue doing so as long as she plans to teach. Adult ballet students in Halifax are incredibly fortunate to have such a gifted and dedicated instructor.
    Ruoyan Fang
    Ruoyan Fang
    Progressive Ballet
    Incredible experience for progressive ballet. Maria focuses on each of her students and makes corrections. For adult learners, it is important to build strength and develop good muscle memory. She focuses on building technique as well as the artistry of ballet. When you watch her demonstrate a combination, you can feel her artistry, and you'll begin to build artistry within yourself. Her class is always inspiring and so much fun; you'll feel joy while improving your work. I highly recommend training in ballet with Maria after trying three other ballet schools in Halifax.
    Ellen MacDonald
    Course: Ballet Basics 🩰
    Absolutely love being in ballet class! Always a great way to spend a Sunday afternoon.
    Evgenia Shin
    Evgenia ShinBallet Classes: various levels
    A very professional ballet coach with personal approach to students. Thank you so much!😊
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